Bihar Board Class 12 Biology - Class 12 Bihar Board Botany

## Reproduction in Organisms Reproduction is a fundamental biological process essential for the continuity of species. It ensures the survival of species over generations but is not a mandatory criterion for the existence of individual organisms. This topic covers the modes, features, and significance of reproduction, with a focus on...

Why is reproduction considered essential for living organisms?

For survival of species

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of living organisms?

Reproduction

Why is reproduction considered essential for living organisms?

For survival of species

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of living organisms?

Reproduction

What is fertilization, and what is the ploidy level of the resulting zygote?

Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes. The fusion of two haploid ($n$) gametes (ovum and sperm) results in a diploid ($2n$) zygote. This process can be represented by the equation $n + n = 2n$.

Why is reproduction not considered an all-inclusive characteristic feature of all living organisms?

Reproduction is not an all-inclusive characteristic because some living organisms, such as mules, worker bees, and infertile human couples, are alive but cannot reproduce. While reproduction is essential for the continuity of a species, an individual's survival does not depend on its ability to reproduce.