Biotechnology FULL CHAPTER - Chapter 2 - UPSC Science

Biotechnology: Concepts, Applications, and Regulations

Definition and Scope of Biotechnology Biotechnology is the integration of biology (natural sciences) and technology (engineering sciences) to develop new products and processes using living organisms or their components. It involves manipulating biological systems for applications in health, agriculture, and industry. The term...

Which therapy involves replacing faulty mitochondria to prevent hereditary diseases?

Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT)

What is the main advantage of using GM crops like Bt Cotton in agriculture?

Increased resistance to specific pests

Which therapy involves replacing faulty mitochondria to prevent hereditary diseases?

Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT)

What is the main advantage of using GM crops like Bt Cotton in agriculture?

Increased resistance to specific pests

What is Biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes to create new products, treat diseases, and address genetic problems. Coined by Karl Ereky in 1919, it combines natural science (Biology) with engineering science. Historically, it includes practices like making curd and bread, while modern biotechnology focuses on genetic-level changes.

Explain the difference between Genetic Engineering and Gene Editing.

Genetic Engineering aims for gene modification by introducing a new, foreign set of genes (foreign DNA) into an organism, resulting in a 'transgenic organism'. Gene Editing, conversely, involves genetic alteration without introducing external DNA, focusing on modifying existing genes, for example, by cutting out faulty segments (gene silencing).